Collect all peels, vegetable scraps.
Wash them free of any dirt / grime in several changes of water
If any veg scraps has fungus or undetermined dirt, scrap them. Do not use it
You are always welcome to use fresh veggies too - carrot / celery / garlic / onion work really well, but I have used veg scraps
Bring a pot to a rolling boil, add the bay leaf, black pepper (and cumin if using - skip if you need a really clear broth) along with the whole spices mentioned.
After 2-3 mins, add the crushed onions /garlic or any other aromats you are using
Customise the whole spices based on availability or the flavour you want your stock to have.
Add the veg scraps to this simmering broth.
If using instant pot, set to manual 40 mins.
If using open pot, simmer on high for 10-15 mins.
Let the veggie scraps, whole spices and aromats seep in for another 10-12 mins
Strain and use immediately.
Else refreigrate and use within 7 days.